Journal of AYUSH:-Ayurveda, Yoga,Unani ,Siddha and Homeopathy
Journal of AYUSH Journal of AYUSH is an International online Journal focused towards the publication of current research work carried out under Ayureveda,Yoga, Unani,Siddha and Homeopathy.. This journal covers all major fields of applications in AYUSH. Focus and Scope Covers Ayurveda Yoga Unani Siddha Homeopathy new methodology and techniques Treatment with traditional medicines New practice of adding metals, minerals or gems to herbs
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A Review of Danti (Baliospermum montanum Muell. Arg.) from Ayurvedic Perspective
Abstract Danti is classical example of Virechak Prabhava given by Charkacharya. The botanical source of Danti is Baliospermum montanum Muell. Arg, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Information regarding this drug is available in the classical text of Ayurveda. This review recollects the information related to Danti from Brihatrayi and Laghutrayi (1500BC–600AD), Sangraha Grantha’s, almost all the Nighantus and other texts (800AD–1900AD). It is observed that the drug is used in 76 formulations and dedicated a whole Adhyaya to Danti (Ch.ka.12) only in Charak Samhita, indicated in more than 81 disease conditions including Pramehaghna (anti-diabetic), Krimighna (worm infection), Kushtahar/Twacharoga (Skin disease), Gulma, Vibandha, Vrana, Arsha, Shula etc. Useful part of plant is ‘Moola’ (root) and it should be administered internally after passing through Shodhana procedures. It is used in various dosage forms such as Churna, Guti, Vati, Avaleha, Arishta, Asava, Kalka, Ghruta, and Taila etc. Dantimoola, as Aushadhi Dravya, can be traced since Samhita period for it is used in Virechana. In higher doses Dantimoola is found to produce nausea, throat pain, purging and severe spasmodic pain etc. Keywords: Dantimoola, Baliospermum montanum Muell. Arg., Virechana Cite this Article Harshalkumar Vinayakrao Deore. A Review of Danti (Baliospermum montanumMuell. Arg.) from Ayurvedic Perspective. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 46–51p.
Regulatory Perspectives of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Formularies and Pharmacopoeias
The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Siddha Formulary of India, Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India, National Formulary of Unani Medicine, Unani Pharmacopoeia of India are included in the Schedule I of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act 1940 and rules made thereunder and serve as a tool for regulatory compliance and standardization tool for the Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani system of medicines respectively. The Pharmacopoeias of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani system of medicines publishes the monographs i.e. quality standards describing the identity, purity and strength of selected drugs and these are officially applied on licensed Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs manufacturers in India. The Pharmacopoeias of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani system of medicine are publishing in different volumes under two parts; the part I and part II, the part I which covers monographs on the single drug (Raw materials) while the later includes monographs of finished products/ formulations includes in the Formularies of respective system of medicines. Since the Pharmacopoeias and Formularies of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani system of medicine are official publication for the quality standards of the raw materials and finished products and implemented on the Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani system of medicine drug manufactures under different definition and rules of the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. Keywords: Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI), the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Siddha Formulary of India (SFI), Siddha Pharmacopoeia of India (SPI), National Formulary of Unani Medicine (NFUM), Unani Pharmacopoeia of India (UPI), Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani (ASU), Drugs and Cosmetic Act (D&C Act), 1940, Pharmacopoeia, Formulary, monographs Cite this Article Vijay Gupta, Archana Jain, Nitin Rai et al. Regulatory Perspectives of Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani Formularies and Pharmacopoeias. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 56–64p.
Effect of Valuka Swedana with Dwipanchamuladi Basti in the Management of Hypothyroidism—A Case Study
Abstract Due to sedentary life style and stress, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing day by day. Among these disorders, hypothyroidism is one of the commonest reasons in hospital visits. Hypothyroidism refers to any state that results in a deficiency of thyroid hormone, including hypothalamic or pituitary disease and generalized tissue resistance to thyroid hormone and disorders that affect the thyroid gland. The available allopathic medicine commonly prescribed by allopathic physicians is levothyroxine sodium. It is helpful in maintaining the level of thyroid hormone in the body but not in managing the symptoms like obesity, loss of appetite, constipation, muscle as well as joint pain etc. Hence present case study aimed to focus on managing such type of conditions by Ayurveda. A female, diagnosed case of hypothyroidism having complains of weight gain, puffiness of face, muscle pain and low back pain referred to anterior aspect of thigh was treated with Valuka swedana for 8 days along with Dwipanchamuladi Kala Basti (schedule of 16 days). After completion of this therapy promising result was found. The detailed case study is discussed in full paper. Keywords: Hypothyroidism, Agnimandya, Panchakarma, Valuka sweda, Dwipanchamuladi Basti Cite this Article Bhingardive Kamini B., Sarvade Dattatray D., Anup B. Thakar. Effect of Valuka Swedana with Dwipanchamuladi Basti in the Management of Hypothyroidism—A Case Study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 52–55p.
Globally 1 to 3% population is affected by obsessive compulsive disorder. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder of brain and behavior. It occurs equally in both sexes and causes severe anxiety in affected persons. It involves both, obsessions and compulsions. Once identified, the condition goes on across the life span, resulting in decreased productivity, as well as quality of life. OCD usually responds well to treatment with certain medications and exposure-based psychotherapy. Medications as treatment include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines and antidepressant therapy. However, these drugs are often poorly tolerated, and have metabolic side effects and are also habits forming, which limits their use. None of the treatment has proven efficacy with definite cure. In Ayurveda, Atatvabhinivesha can be correlated with OCD. Ayurveda is reported to have several combinations and approaches effective for the OCD. Also the counseling methods, Yoga and Pranayama can be incorporated. Ayurveda offers Sodhana and Shamana Chikitsa with the use of Medhya Rasayana like Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, Jyotishmati, etc. in management of OCD. So, the present article aims to discuss the possible role of Ayurveda in management of OCD and improve the quality of life of OCD patients. Keywords: Anxiety disorder, Manasroga, Medhya Rasayana, counseling therapy Cite this Article Tarun Sharma, Parul Anand. OCD in Ayurveda: Concept and Management. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 16–22p.
Process Validation of Kushtasazi in the Preparation of Kushtae Sadaf
The available forms of formulations in the Unani System of Medicine (USM) intended to treat the diseases either in semisolid sweetened forms such as Majoon, Jawarish, Khameera, Laooq, Itrifal or in liquid and dried forms such as Sharbat (Syrup), Arq (Distillate), Habb (Pil), Qurs (Tablet), Safoof (Powder), etc. There are large number of dosage forms used in the USM. Kushta (Calx) is also one among these compound formulations which is the finest powder dosage form of medicine. The preparation of Kushta is more complex as compared to other Unani dosage forms. It involves mainly two steps viz., purification/detoxification of sample and then ignition at high temperature. Kushta is made up of mineral and animal origin drugs. Since mineral and animal drugs are usually toxic in nature, therefore it is mandatory that drug sample should go through various purification procedures. Unani physicians described the methodology to carry out the process of purification but this methodology yet have not been scientifically validated to claim the changes in toxicological symptoms. In the present study, an attempt has been made to validate all the processes of purification by taking Kushtae Sadaf as a sample. Finally trace element and heavy metal analysis was carried out on raw Sadaf and purified Sadaf to observe the changes after purification processes. After analysis, it may be concluded that many changes were observed in the samples before purification and after purification. Changes were observed in the results of trace elements and heavy metals in the two samples [raw sample (before purification) and processed sample (after purification)]. This study shows that changes were observed after purification procedures and hence validates the procedure of purification and trituration which has been in practice since the inception of this dosage form. Keywords: Kushta, validation, sadaf Cite this Article Irfhan Md N, Shamsi S, Shadab M. Process Validation of Kushtasazi in the Preparation of Kushtae Sadaf. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 23–29p.
Basti karma is believed to be half of the total treatment, and in some context it is even said to be the complete treatment. It is the principal line of treatment of vata vyadhi. Basti cikitsa is the prime treatment modality of Ayurveda because, it not only does the purification but it is also helpful for curative as well as preventive purpose, that is why ancient acharyas described its efficacy equivalent to the oral medication. Ancient treatises are full with the description of Basti, its preparative methods, Basti yogas and about its utility. The importance of niruha basti is mentioned very well by Acharya Charak, but one of its drawbacks is the retention time of Niruha basti. The maximum pratyagaman kala of Niruha basti is said to be 1 muhurta, i.e. 48 min, but practically when niruha basti is administered with the aid of enema can, it retains for very little time; hence, the expected effect is not achieved. Hence, an attempt of designing an ideal basti putak has been made and a trial of such putak was carried out on 10 patients in comparison to the basti administered through regular enema can. The results in terms of retention time were quite encouraging which have been mentioned below. Keywords: Niruha basti, basti putak, pratyagaman kala Cite this Article Ram Bhartendu Shukla. A Clinical Study of Ideal Basti Yantra. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 5–8p.
Treatment of Migraine with Aura (Ardhavabhedaka) by Nasya and Shanshaman Chikitsa: A Case Study
The most popular and efficient system of allopathic medicine provides quick response for the pain and other symptoms, but does not provide the complete treatment. My focus is the study of headache/migraine (ardhavabhedaka) with alternative line of treatment such as Ayurveda, because this stream is complete and provides holistic approach. A 42 year old male patient having complaints of recurrent severe headache and vomiting since 15 years, and diagnosis was made as migraine (Ardhavabhedaka) with aura on the basis of past history and International Headache Society (IHS) guideline. The patient was given certain combination of drugs like sirasuladivajra rasa, ashwagandhachurna, sarasvatarista, anutailam (nasya) as a remedy and pathya as petha, cow ghee and other not pungent quality of substances and life style with avoiding the predisposing factor. The patient was followed up every seven days for 5 months. The frequency and intensity of headache was relieved by using the ayurvedic medicine, pathya and apathya. He was feeling physically and mentally well. The efficacy was assessed by decreasing the pain intensity and frequency of episodic as subjective criteria. Pathya had a beneficial role and apathya were aggravating factors. Shir is a main control system of all body ailments. Alteration in the activity of the shir influences all body tissue, because it has seat of all indriyas (sensory and motor). Our treatment plan was based on vata dominant tridoshashamak principle. Study reveals that withanamides present in it, Ashwagandha can crosses the blood brain barrier and help preventive and therapeutic in induced neurological disorder. Oil is kaphavatashamaka in inserting through nose. Nose is the door of head (shir); that’s why it is called “nasa hi shirshodwaram”. Brahmi plants which mainly contain sarasvatarista possess neuroprotective, nutritive properties and also crosses blood brain barrier. The management of Ardhavabhedaka is Nasya, jangalbhojan, and kshir-annavikriti. Shirsuladivajra rasa has tridoshamaak property. Madhuyashthi is used in headache, has relieving effects due to active ingredients glabridin, it has inhibitory effect on cholinesterase and memory improvement. The ayurvedic medicine has beneficial effect in migraine (ardhavabhedaka) with associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting. Keywords: Nasya, migraine, aura, ardhavbhedaka, pathya, pitta Cite this Article Mahendra Prasad, Kalpana Mehar. Treatment of Migraine with Aura (Ardhavabhedaka) by Nasya and Shanshaman Chikitsa: A Case Study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 12–15p.
Physicochemical Analysis of Kushtae Sadaf Prepared by Modern Furnace Method
Traditionally in the Unani System of Medicine, Kushtajat are recommended to be prepared by using pit with cow dung cakes. This procedure of preparation is an old age method. Now in modern world, cow dung cakes are not easily available in the market, especially in the metro cities. Moreover this procedure is tedious. Therefore, it feels that modern procedure may be adopted in the preparation of Kushtajat. Hence instead of using cow dung cakes for heating, furnace is used. Thereafter preparation of Kushta by using furnace was evaluated physicochemically on its organoleptic characters, pH value, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index, loss of weight on drying and solubility. Adopted preparation methodology may be used in the preparation of various Kushtajat, but the heat quantification chart likely to be changed in specific case. Evaluation may be done on the above mentioned parameters. Keywords: Sadaf, sheer-e-madar, Boota/earthen disc, muffle furnace Cite this Article Irfhan Md N, Shamsi S, Shadab M. Physicochemical Analysis of Kushtae Sadaf Prepared by Modern Furnace Method. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 30–36p.
Lifestyle Diseases in Relation to Shalakya Tantra and its Management: A Conceptual Study
The lifestyle diseases are a result of an inappropriate relationship of people with their environment. The onset of these lifestyle diseases is insidious, they take years to develop, and once encountered, do not lend themselves easily to cure. Hence, proper awareness is very important for prevention of lifestyle disorders. Indriyas are the media through which the objects of the external environment are perceived and they also reflect the ill health of the body by features like Aprasannatwa, etc. Indriyas also take part in awareness and reaction with the external environment. Hence, these are important faculties of our body, which are prone to get afflicted by various factors. Today’s mechanical life has changed the “Lifestyle” drastically. Overpopulation, overcrowding of vehicles leading to sound and air pollution, junk food habits, etc. have brought many hazards to human life affecting the sense organs as well as whole body causing various diseases like Nasashosha, Badhirya, Gandhahani, etc. The lifestyle disorders of above organs include macular degeneration, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, deafness, otalgia, epistaxis, headache, hoarseness, otorrhoea, ozaena, sinusitis, tonsillitis, dental caries, gingivitis, bleeding gums etc. A detailed description of above diseases is emphasized, keeping in mind the diseases related to Shalakya Tantra. Keywords: Lifestyle, Shalakya Tantra, Indriyas, Macular degeneration, ENT diseases Cite this Article Shamsa Fiaz. Lifestyle Diseases in Relation to Shalakya Tantra and its Management: A Conceptual Study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 1–4p.
SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis): A Case Study
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is an inflammatory disorder of the brain. Persistent infection with measles virus causes this neurological disorder which is also known as Dawson encephalitis. One case amongst 10000 people affected by measles may fall prey to SSPE. Death may also occur within 1–3 years. Patients usually represent with behavioral changes, visual impairment, myoclonus and pyramidal and extra pyramidal signs. Treatment for SSPE is still undetermined. In this case, a 12 year boy was brought in a vegetative state by his father at the OPD of Govt. Akhandanand Ayurveda College & Hospital, Ahmedabad. He was then admitted in the IPD. The patient was already a diagnosed case of SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis). The patient then went under Panchkarma treatment and Palliative therapy. Keywords: SSPE, Dawson encephalitis, measles, jwar Cite this Article Ram Bhartendu Shukla. SSPE (Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis): A Case Study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 9–11p.
Need of Standardization of Habb: A Unani Medicine
Habb (pill) is a solid dosage form for oral administration of drugs in the human body. The present challenge for Unani scholars is to validate the claims made in the classical texts by applying scientific methodologies on this important dosage form. These claims need to be validated and the drugs need to be standardized on more precise scientific parameters. In order to have a good coordination between the quality of raw materials, in process materials and the final products, it has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods using a combination of classical and modern instrumental method of analysis. The steps in standardization of dosage form habb are authentication, physicochemical, chromatographic and microbiological analysis. Due to lack of quality control measures, people are unable to utilize the benefits of the traditional systems of medicine. A scientific awareness and scenario creation to undertake the research activities such as standardization of dosage form and to develop the scientific methods for the manufacture of quality medicines must be an important step in this direction. For the process standardization, four variables which affects the quality of the huboob were taken into consideration i.e., binder, particle size, time of drying and temperature of drying. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the pills should be developed on the basis of four different variables namely particle size, binder, temperature of drying, and duration of drying. It may be concluded that the developed SOPs of two formulations may be taken as standards for future reference and pills can be prepared accordingly. The physicochemical standards evaluated can be used as the standard parameters for future studies as reference. Keywords: Unani medicine, standardization, authentication, documentation Cite this Article Akhtar O, Rani S, Shamsi S. Need of Standardization of Habb: A Unani Medicine. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(2): 37–44p.
There is significant role of Panchkarma in stri roga and prasuti tantra. Before starting any drug management, use of Panchkarma is said to be beneficial in almost any gynaecologic pathology, especially in Yoni Vyapada, Artava Dushti, Bandhayatva, Granthi, Arbuda, etc. Besides it, there is an important role of some of Panchkarma procedures in prasuti tantra also. Role of Asthapana and Anuvasana Basti in eighth and ninth month of pregnancy are undoubtedly beneficial. Use of Panchkarma in Stanya Dushti is specifically mentioned. Besides it, there is massive use of Uttarbasti, Yoni Dhavan, Yoni Pichu Dharana both in Stri and prasuti tantra. This paper is all about references related to Panchkarma in stri roga and prasuti tantra and a scientific evaluation of use of these procedures. Keywords: Panchkarma, Sodhana, Basti, Uttarbasti, oxidative stress Cite this Article Soni Kapil, Anil Bhardwaj. Role of Panchkarma in Stri Roga. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 55–59p.
A Review Article on Effect of Praval Pishti in the Management of Menopausal Osteoporosis
World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a “progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture”. Menopause is defined as the cessation of ovarian function, resulting in permanent amenorrhoea. Today, the osteoporosis is a major problem which is most remarkably common in women. In Ayurveda, there is no clinical entity, which is described in samhitas like osteoporosis, but this can be discussed under Asthisaushirya and Asthikshaya. Asthisaushirya means porous bones. Hemadri commented on word Saushirya as Samrandhratwa, which means with pores. Ayurveda is the only science which gives prime importance to prevention. In Ayurveda, there are many upakramas (Procedures) like Basti, Lepa, Sechana, etc., which are useful for strengthening of bones. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Asthisaushirya, Asthikshaya Basti, Lepa, Sechana Cite this Article Mohan Richa. A Review Article on Effect of Praval Pishti in the Management of Menopausal Osteoporosis. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 51–54p.
An Overview of Implication of TRIDOSHA Siddhant in Prasuti Tantra: A Conceptual Study
Ayurved is a science based on various principles, i.e. siddhant. All aspects of Ayurved are based on these principles. Tridosha and panchabhautic siddhant are the foremost principles that govern Ayurved. These two principles find themselves connected to prasuti tantra which includes garbhavigyaan (embryology), garbhinivigyaan (antenatal care), and garbhinivyapad (pregnancy disorders). Implementation of these principles can contribute to healthy conception, pregnancy and progeny: thereby contributing to healthy society. Keywords: Tridosha, pancha mahabhoot, siddhant, grabhini, pregnancy, vaat, pitta, kapha Cite this Article Amrita Mishra. An Overview of Implication of Tridosha Siddhant in Prasuti Tantra: A Conceptual Study. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 38–41p.
Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Kasis w.r.t. Different Shodhan Methods
Abstract In Rasa shastra, the minerals are categorized as maharasa, uparasa and sadharana rasa based on different criteria. Kasis is categorized under uparasa. Kasis is very important mineral in Ayurvedic text. For proper usage of drug and to make it free from impurities, shodhan (~purification) process is essential. Shodhan not only purify the drug but also add therapeutic properties and make suitable it for further procedure. In classical text several methods of kasis shodhan like dipping it in bhringaraj swaras (Rasaratnasamucchaya and Rasajalnidhi), pounding it in animal’s bile: panchpitta (Rasaratnakar and Rasakamdhenu), dipping in female’s menstrual blood: artava (Rasaratnasamucchay, Rasaprakashsudhakar), swedan in bhringaraja swaras (Rasatarangini), giving bhavana of jambiri nimbu swarasa (Bruhadrasarajsundar), pounding in sour gruel- kanji (Rasatarangini) etc. are described. In the present study, shodhan of kasis is done by two different methods. Organoleptic examination and analytical study of all kasis was performed. In this study, an attempt was made to make comparative study between kasis prepared by two different shodhan processes on the basis of Pharmaceutical and Analytical study. Keywords: Shodhan, Bhavana, Kasis, Swedan Cite this Article Pallavi Pandit Pawar, Harshalkumar V. Deore, Balasaheb R. Pagire et al. Pharmaceutical and Analytical Study of Kasis w.r.t. Different Shodhan Methods. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 27–31p.
Physiochemical and Formulation Factors Affecting the Absorption of Basti Dravyas
Basti is a purificatory process by which all the three vitiated Doshas are expelled from the anal canal and is said to be the best treatment for Vata dosha. There are two main types of Basti mentioned in Ayurveda Sneha Basti and Asthapan Basti. Compared to oral and parental route, rectal drug delivery is not so much exposed in today’s era, whereas Ayurveda highlights Basti as half of the treatment, while some acharyas believe it to be complete treatment. But there are many unanswered questions as to how the Basti Dravyas will be absorbed or act also there is no active diffusion in the colon. Also the large intestine produces no digestive enzymes i.e., chemical digestion is completed in the small intestine before the chyme reaches the large intestine. Hence, we need to find a way whereby the absorption of the drugs administered through the rectal route in the form of basti is increased. Basti is a homogenous emulsion mixture of makshik (honey), saindhav, sneha, kalka and kwath, but why this sequence should be followed and the same combination should be taken in majority of the basti is not backed up by scientific validation. An effort is being made to justify the importance of above sequence, which also elaborates the factors affecting the absorption of Basti Dravyas. Keywords: Basti, absorption enhancers, molecular size, lipophilicity Cite this Article Ram B. Shukla. Physiochemical and Formulation Factors affecting the absorption of Basti Dravyas. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017, 6(1): 32–34p.
Aromatherapy: The Practice of Aroma’s in Unani Medicine
Aromatherapy is a modern term for a healing art that is ages old. It is one of the regimens of Ilaj-Bil-Tadbir (Regimental Therapy) employed for the maintenance and restoration of health under Unani system of medicine. Though the term aromatherapy is new but the basic concept has been taken from Unani medicine, as evident from the review of classical Unani text. The history of aromatherapy dates back to the period of Hippocrates (460–377BC). He himself used aromatherapy in the forms of lakhlakha/shumoom (inhalation) for the cure of number of diseases. The fundaments of Unani medicine are based on the teachings of Hippocrates, we can proudly say that the aromatherapy has its origin from the Unani medicine and is only the revival of the forgotten regimen. All the physicians after Hippocrates were practicing this therapy in one or the other form. This paper presents a comprehensive review of aromatherapy with special reference to concept and mode of action of aromatherapy in Unani medicine with its objectives and indications. The paper also highlights the different modes of application of aromatherapy practiced in Unani system of medicine and reviews Unani literature for the reference of aromatherapy. Keywords: Aromatherapy, regimental therapy, shumoom, lakhlakha Cite this Article Farah Naaz. Aromatherapy: The Practice of Aroma’s in Unani Medicine. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 20–26p.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anal Fissure among the Patients Visiting Surgery (Jarahat) OPD in NIUM
Anal fissure is one of the most painful conditions among the anorectal disorders. According to the Unani medicine, it is termed as Shiqaq-e-Maqad. A good number of patients attend NIUM OPD with the painful defecation and burning sensation during defecation. In terms of prevalence, it ranks third after chronic constipation and haemorrhoid. This study was designed to estimate not only prevalence but the risk factors and other causes behind the anal fissure. A cross sectional study of 1 year between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2015 conducted in National Institute of Unani Medicine Bangalore. Among 10032 patients who visited Jarahat OPD of NIUM in 2015. Among them 1800 patients were screened for anorectal disorders and 989 were diagnosed fissure in ano. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical findings. The present study revealed that out of 989 patients of fissure in ano 583 were female and 406 were male. 49.13% patients attended in acute condition, 88.16% having less fibrous diet, 94.84% having history of passing hard stool on and off. Present study reveals that anal fissure is one of the common anorectal problems and usually occurs due to some undesired lifestyle factors. These factors are modifiable if the people adopt healthy life style. Proper information and education of the people is the need of the hour so that such irritating situation can be prevented. Keywords: Anal Fissure, Shiqa e Maqad, Risk factor Cite this Article Firdous Ahmad Najar, Mohd. Faisal, Khesal Ahmad et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anal Fissure among the Patients Visiting Surgery (Jarahat) OPD in NIUM. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 35–37p.
MUNDI: An Important Medicinal Plant of Unani System of Medicine
Unani system of medicine (USM) is a rich source of medicinal herbs, used from centauries. The versatility and richness of USM is due to interaction of various treatment system, where the Unani physicians and scholars have not only included the drugs from other herbal medicines but has lead a new ways and dimensions of experiments and therapeutic uses of such herbs. Mundi is one of the herbs, which has been used from centauries in Unani as well as Ayurvedic medicine for its various therapeutic properties. In the present review paper, a comprehensive review will be presented on the basis of USM as well as recent scientific reports. Keywords: Mundi, Musaffi Dam, Sphaeranthus indicus, Mudir-e-Baul, Anti-inflammatory, Unani Cite this Article Abdul Mobeen, Shabir Ahmad Parray, Abdul Nasir Ansari, et al. Mundi: An important Medicinal Plant of Unani system of Medicine. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 42–50p.
A Clinical Study of Vasadi Ghanvati in the Management of Amlapitta w.s.r. to Hyperacidity
Amlapitta means a condition in which sourness of Pitta gets increased. “Amlapitta” is the disease of “Annavaha Srotas”. The Nidana Sevana creates Mandagni and due to Mandagni, Ajirna is developed which leads to Annavisha production. This Annavisha mixes with Pittadi Doshas then it produces the Amlapitta disease. According to modern view ‘Hyperacidity’ can be compared with Amlapitta. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of “vasadighanvati” in the management of Amlapitta. Total 30 patients of age group 16–60 years were registered. Assessment was done based on the relief in symptoms after 7 weeks of treatment, with a follow-up of 2 weeks. The data obtained in clinical study was analyzed by using “t” test. It was found that 6.66% had complete remission, 46.66% had marked improvement and 46.66% had moderate improvement. So, it can be concluded that drug is effective in Amlapitta without any side effect. Keywords: Amlapitta, vasadighanvati Cite this Article Mahesh Rameshbhai Patel, Ashok Pandya, Sharad Dave. A Clinical Study of Vasadi Ghanvati in the Management of Amlapitta w.s.r. to Hyperacidity. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 1–5p.
Role of Sadvritta in Promotion of Mental Health: A Review
Health or dhatusamya is the ultimate aim of Ayurveda for which several measures have been described; some are preventive and promotive while some are curative and restorative in nature. In this series, sadvritta is a very important principle of Ayurveda and thus plays vital role in prevention of diseases and promotion of health with special reference to mental health. Ayurveda is the only science in which a large description regarding mental health has been given. Sadvritta is principle of ethics of every field. These are the rules and regulations designed by aptapurusha which have satvik mental constitution, and so, if followed properly, always end with positive results. Mana with satva predominance has been considered as homeostatic mana as satva is responsible for absolute knowledge and intellect. Concentration of tri-guna is variable in different mental constitutional personalities like fingerprints. But contrary to fingerprints, it can be changed by repeated thoughts and activities with respective guna. As satvaguna is increased in mental constitution, intellectual power is increased in any individual. Also, the capability of thinking and reaction in different circumstances and in different parts of society is also improved and always ends with positive results. It is the ultimate aim and basic principle behind sadvritta. The principle of sadvritta is more significant in current era as ranking of corruption, crime, terrorism, tendency of suicide, violent behaviour, friction in families, decreased human values, etc. have increased, as well as, there seems no chance for improvement in its current situation. Keywords: Sadvritta, mental health, satva, tri-guna Cite this Article Durgawati Devi, Rajeev Kumar Srivastava. Role of Sadvritta in Promotion of Mental Health: A Review. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 12–19p.
Dimensions of Geriatric Care in Unani Medicine: A Review
Normal ageing is a biological process defined as those time dependent, irreversible changes that lead to progressive and generalized impairment of functions resulting in the loss of adaptive response to stress and in increasing the risk of age-related diseases. With the continuing growth of elderly populations in modern societies, it has become a matter of increasing urgency to look for ways to maintain and improve the functional abilities of ageing people, to help them cope independently in the community and ultimately, to raise the quality of their lives. Unani system of medicine has the potential for prevention of diseases by promotion of health and management of diseases occurring in old age. Under the heading of Tadabeer-e-Mashaikh ample explanation of geriatric care is mentioned in various Unani texts. Geriatric problems can be efficiently prevented and managed by dietotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Ghiza), regimental therapy (Ilaj-bil-Tadbeer), pharmacotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Dawa), etc. It is well understood that there are many possible dimensions and available approaches related to Unani system of medicine that might help to develop new and effective medical managements for geriatric medicine. But an integrated approach involving all the above principle therapies along with life style modification can certainly bring changes that will promote, prevent and rejuvenate the health of elderly. Keywords: Unani medicine, geriatric care, Tadabeer-e-Mashaikh Cite this Article Basharat Rashid, Zoheb Alam Khan, Malik Itrat. Dimensions of Geriatric Care in Unani Medicine: A Review. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2017; 6(1): 6–11p.
A Scientific Study: Regulation of Autonomic Nervous System through Slow Breath Pranayama
Voluntary slow deep breathing functionally resets autonomic nervous system through stretch induced inhibitory signals and hyper-polarization currents that propagate through both, neural and non-neural tissue. The scientific basis of benefits of practicing slow Pranayama, especially alternate nostril breathing (Nadi Shodhana Pranayama as NSP) and Dhyana is regulation of cerebral dominance and shifting of autonomic nervous system. This regulation occurs via Nadis under control of Agya Chakra. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Yoga practices (Nadi Shodhana Pranayama and Dhyana) Yoga practices (Nadi Shodhana Pranayama and Dhyana on Agya Chakra) on Agya Chakra by symptomatic scale of migraine and essential hypertension through GSR measuring scale. For this, total 150 cases were selected and divided in three groups: (1) Healthy individuals, (2) Migraine and (3) Essential hypertension, 50 cases in each. Further, each group was divided in two sub groups: (i) Control and (ii) Intervention. Yogic practices were advised in all subgroups; beside this, in very low dose, medication also given to intervention subgroups of 2nd and 3rd groups. GSR of all three groups were analysed before and after each follow up (three follows up done). In all three groups, excellent improvement was recorded. Better progress was recorded in intervention subgroups than control in symptoms of psychological exertional due to over stress and anxiety. Observations were found statistically significant (p<0.001). So, it could be concluded that Yoga practices affecting the psycho physiological activities via the Agya Chakra (hypothalamo-cerebral system), improve quality of life either in healthy individual and diseased. Keywords: Pranayama, Dhyana, Autonomic Nervous System, Agya Chakra, Nadi Cite this Article Pradeep Kumar Pal, Mishra VN, Awasthi HH. A Scientific Study: Regulation of Autonomic Nervous System through Slow Breath Pranayama. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2016; 5(3): 23–28p.
A Clinical Study on Effect of Patrapinda Sveda with Ashtakatwara Taila in Gridhrasi w.s.r. to Sciatica
Today is the era of modernization and fast life. Changing of life style of modern human being has created several disharmonies in his biological system. Advancement of busy professional and social life, improper sitting posture in office or continuous work in one posture and overexertion, lifting heavy weight, jerking movements during travelling; all these factors create undue pressure and stress injury to the spine and play an important role in producing disease like sciatica. In this way, this disease is now becoming a significant threat to the working population. The lifetime incidence of sciatica is estimated to be between 13 and 40%. The prevalence of sciatic symptoms reported in the literature varies considerably ranging from 1.6% in the general population to 43% in a selected working population. In modern medicine, the management of sciatica includes analgesics, epidural steroid injections, peri-radicular infiltration and surgical treatment at the cost of their own limitations and complications. In Ayurveda, sciatica can be correlated with Gridhrasi. Ayurveda through its holistic approach and radical treatment like Panchakarma, corrects the basic pathology by eliminating the chief causative factors. Svedana Karma is very important treatment modality in Panchakarma. Thus present study has been conducted on 20 patients to assess the efficacy of Patrapinda Sveda with Ashtakatwara Taila in Gridhrasi w.s.r. to sciatica. The result has been analyzed statistically. It was very effective in relieving pain, stiffness (more than 45%) and numbness (more than 70%) in patients of Gridhrasi. Keywords: Gridhrasi, sciatica, Patrapinda Sveda, Ashtakatwara Taila Cite this Article Kanika Wadhwa, Santosh Kumar Bhatted. A Clinical Study on Effect of Patrapinda Sveda with Ashtakatwara Taila in Gridhrasi w.s.r. to Sciatica. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2016; 5(3): 41–47p.
Formulation and Evaluation of Unani Anti-acne Cream
In unani system of medicine (USM) many herbal drugs have been mentioned to be useful in the treatment of various skin diseases, which are considered safe and free from major side effects. Most of the formulations for topical application are in powder form and patients feel inconvenience in using traditional dosage forms in comparison to modern dosage forms. Therefore in the present study a formula (in powder form) for acne was selected to convert it into cream form. Cream was prepared using the extracts of Darchini, Husune Yusuf and Tukhm Khashkhash and then evaluated for their physicochemical parameters like organoleptic characters, pH, water content, total fatty substance, determination of residue, thermal stability, spreadability and specific gravity. Stability study of three months was also carried out at three different temperatures (4, 25 and 40°C). The data evolved from this study reveals that cream made from the classical nuskha of acne was found to be stable for the storage period of 3 months except the sample at 40°C. Further clinical study is required to establish its safety and efficacy. Keywords: Cream, unani, dosage form Cite this Article Shahid Shah Chaudhary, Roohi Zaman, Shariq Shamsi. Formulation and Evaluation of Unani Anti-acne Cream. Journal of AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy. 2016; 5(3): 17–22p.