Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology
Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology (RRJoOH) is focused towards the publication of current research work carried out at all the major research centers in the fields of Oncology and Hematology. The Focus and Scope of Journal Includes: Oncology Radiation Oncology. Surgical Oncology. Medical Oncology. Interventional Oncology. Gynecologic Oncology. Pediatric Oncology. Allergooncology. Clinical Oncology. Ocular Oncology. Hematology Erythrocytes. Leukocytes and Hematopoiesis. Hemostasis. Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. Hematological Malignancies, Transplantation. Cell Therapy.
Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form (to be completed by authors) I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is notpublished already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere. I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines. I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s). I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship. I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order: Author’s name 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ _______________ We Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.
Uterine Cervix Hemangioma a Rare Cause of Post-coital Bleeding: A Case Report
Cavernous hemangioma of uterine cervix is very rare benign vascular tumor. Only few cases have been reported, few of them are associated with pregnancy and caused gynaecological and obstetrical complications. Different types of hemangioma like capillary, cavernous and AV type may occur in combinations, affecting a number of organs and producing well known syndromes. Most of these lesions show asymptomatic behaviour, but sometimes their presentation mimics malignancy. We are reporting this case as it is rare and no clinical or imaging findings were found to explain the patient’s post-coital bleeding. So hemangioma should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with vaginal bleeding. Keywords: cavernous, hemangioma, post-coital bleeding, menometrorrhagia Cite this Article Kishore Khatri, Anuraag Gupta. Uterine Cervix Hemangioma a Rare Cause of Post-coital Bleeding: A Case Report. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2017; 6(2): 1–3p.
Correlation of Ki-67 Score with Nottingham Histological Grading in Carcinoma Breast: A Single Institution Experience
Though it is reasonably well established that Ki-67 positivity is an independent predictor of ultimate prognosis and course of carcinoma breast and its recurrence, many lacunae exist. Ki -67 score correlation with histological grading will establish importance of nuclear antigen Ki-67 as prognostic factor in Indian population. This study was aimed to assess histological grading of breast carcinoma by Nottingham Grading System (Modified Scarff- Bloom- Richardson system) and to correlate the histological grading with Ki-67 score. The study was carried out in Department of pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. A part retrospective and part prospective study was done on a total of 59 cases of carcinoma breast. 59 representative paraffin blocks of Modified Radical Mastectomy, lumpectomy or biopsies of carcinoma breast were included for the study. All stained slides were reviewed and the morphological diagnosis based on H & E staining was considered as a gold standard to be compared with Ki-67 staining. For Ki-67 immounohistochemistry, representative sections from paraffin blocks were taken on poly- L- lysine coated glass slides. T- test was applied to find significance of correlation between Ki-67 and tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic count. ANOVA test was used to find the significance of correlation between Ki-67 and histological Grade. Results showed statistically significant correlation between Ki-67 score and Nottingham Histological Grade. Keywords: Nottingham grading, Tubule formation, Mitotic count, Nuclear pleomorphism Cite this Article Garima Verma, Vijay Verma, Vibha Rani Pipal et al. Correlation of Ki-67 Score with Nottingham Histological Grading in Carcinoma Breast: A Single Institution Experience. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2017; 6(1): 1–5p.
Role of Axillary Reverse Mapping in Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients: Current Perspectives
Axillary reverse mapping is the technique of mapping and subsequently preserving the arm lymphatic drainage during axillary dissection. In 2007 Hiroo Suami described a constant sentry node draining most of the upper limb in anatomical dissection of cadavers. The presence of this node and its fairly constant location was later confirmed by many authors in clinical studies. With the use of blue dye alone, the detection rates are low than with radio-isotope. Different authors have shown in subsequent studies that preservation of the node and lymphatics is possible during axillary dissection without compromising the radicality of the procedure. There have also been studies which have anastamosed the efferent lymphatics from the ARM node to the venous tributaries of the axillary vein. Though small, there are atleast 7 studies which do report a lower rate of lymphedema following preservation of the ARM node with or without lymphatico venous anastamoses. The possibility of preserving the ARM node in a low nodal burden axilla to reduce the incidence of lymphedema seems promising. Keywords: Axillary reverse mapping, Lymphedema, sentinel node, breast cancer Cite this Article D.K. Vijaykumar. Role of Axillary Reverse Mapping in Reducing the Risk of Lymphedema in Breast Cancer Patients: Current Perspectives. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2017; 6(1): 6–10p.
Case Report: A Rare Case of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) DFSP is a low grade cutaneous malignancy first described in 1890 by Taylor. Darier was credited with establishing DFSP as a clinicopathologic entity in 1924 and HOFFMAN established the term in 1925.Clinical diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion because the lesion often has a fairly innocuous gross appearance. After biopsy or excision, expert pathological assessment with focused immunohistochemistry testing is essential to differentiate DFSP with other superficial tissue neoplasma. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare type malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, a soft tissue sarcoma that develops in the deep layer of skin. DFSP most often start as a small, firm patch of skin. The tumor typically grows very slowly (over months to years) and can become a raised nodule. DFSP morphologic studies revealed highly irregular borders with fingerlike extension into surrounding tissue. DFSP rarely metastasize there is propensity for local recurrence that may be associated with substantial morbidity. Keywords: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignancy, tumor, pathological assessment Cite this Article Rohit Dadhich, Kalpana Shridhar. Case Report: A Rare Case of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2017; 6(1): 17–23p.
Research Insight: Oncology and Hematology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The name's etymological origin is the Greek word (ónkos), meaning "tumor", "volume" or "mass". The three components which have value-added survival in cancer are prevention, early diagnosis and treatment. This is by reduction of risk factors like tobacco and alcohol consumption. Cancer is deadly disease which is caused due to uncontrolled growth of the cells and forms from the extra volume tissue known as tumour.
Aggresive Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Maxilla: A Case Report
Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) previously called giant cell reparative granuloma is a non-neoplastic proliferative lesion of unidentified etiology. It arises most usually in the mandible. We define a case of central giant cell granuloma ascending from the maxilla to highlight the verdict of this enigmatic lesion. Keywords: Central giant cell granuloma, maxilla Cite this Article Raj Nagarkar, Shrikant Vanjari, Yash Devckar et al. Aggresive Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Maxilla: A Case Report. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2017; 6(1): 11–16p.
Multiple Intestinal and Mesentrical Lymphangiomas in a 16 Year Old Male: A Case Report
Lymphangiomas are rare benign tumor of lymphatic vasculature. These usually occur in skin and soft tissues ofhead, neck and axillary region. Very rarely these affect gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present a case of lymphangiomatos is in a 16 year old male who was presented with acute abdomen. Exploratory laparo to my done and multi-lobulated mass in the intestinal wall and mesentry found. Segment of ileum, caecum and part of colon was resected and ileo ascending anastomos is done. The tissue specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Microscopic picture was consistent with multiple lymphangiomas involving the intestine and mesentry which should be considered the cause of acute abdomen in this case. The optimal treatment is radical intestinal resection since incomplete resection may lead to recurrence. Keywords: Lymphangiomas, honey comb, hygroma Cite this Article Garima Verma, Taruna Choudhary, Purnima Baheti et al. Multiple Intestinal and Mesentrical Lymphangiomas in a 16 Year Old Male – A Case Report. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(3): 41–44p.
Inorganic Arsenic (iAs) is a pervasive and ubiquitous environmental toxin that has created world-wide human health problems. Populations exposed to high concentrations of arsenic-contaminated drinking water suffer serious health consequences ranging from acute toxicities to development of malignancies, including alarming cancer incidence and death rates. Epidemiologic studies have shown a relationship between chronic arsenic exposure and disease of the skin, lung, urinary bladder, and conceivably liver, kidney, and prostate in people. Inorganic arsenic, a recorded human cancer-causing agent, is biotransformed through consecutive expansion of methyl gatherings, procured from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). This is to imply that; arsenic is methylated in the body by substituting lessening of pentavalent arsenic to trivalent and expansion of a methyl bunch from SAM. The end metabolites are methylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Absorbed arsenate (AsV) is decently quickly diminished in blood to AsIII which infers expanded lethality. Digestion system of arsenic produces an assortment of genotoxic and cytotoxic species, harming DNA specifically and in a roundabout way, through the era of receptive oxidative species and enlistment of DNA adducts, strand breaks and cross connections, and hindrance of the DNA repair prepare itself. Since SAM is the methyl group donor utilized by DNA methyltransferases to keep up typical epigenetic designs in every single human cell, arsenic is additionally hypothesized to influence upkeep of ordinary DNA methylation designs, chromatin structure, and genomic stability. This review article is important in pinpointing the natural procedures fundamental the growth advancing components of arsenic digestion system, identified with DNA harm and repairs, in this way to make consciousness of it in the universal group. Keywords: Inorganic arsenic, oxidative stress, carcinogenesis, cancer Cite this Article Gidey Gebremeskel, Haile Nega Mulata, Rezene Abraha Sibhat. Arsenic as a Cause of Cancer. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(3): 8–21p.
Alarming Increments of Tobacco and Related Substance Use among College and University Students in Ethiopia: Review
The use of substances such as tobacco, alcohol, khat, and other substances has become one of the rising public health and socioeconomic problems worldwide. Onset of smoking and alcohol drinking during early adulthood is a well-documented and significant public health risk factor and is linked to a high risk of chronic diseases at older age. Tobacco is leading cause of death, illness and impoverishment worldwide. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced, killing nearly six million people a year. Substance misuse/abuse is a growing problem in Ethiopia, as in many developing countries. Alcohol and khat are the most frequent substances of abuse. Studies indicate that substance use among Ethiopian adolescents is considerably rising. Of the young segment of the Ethiopian population, college and university students are at the highest risk of substance use. Tobacco causes several types of cancers and systemic diseases at large the lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. In Ethiopian universities and colleges, a critical intervention is needed either pre-university or at university stay period of the students. Pre-university training that encompasses a detailed medical aspects and social problems of smoking might have long-term contribution, as the student will be also expertise after they graduate and come back to the community. Keywords: Tobacco, alcohol, chat, university students Cite this Article Aman Mehari Abraha. Alarming Increments of Tobacco and Related Substance Use among College and University Students in Ethiopia: Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(3): 1–7p.
Chemotherapy: Side Effect and Management
Cytotoxic drugs are therapeutic agents intended for but not constrained to, the treatment of cancer. These drugs are kenned to be highly toxic to cells, mainly through their action on cell reproduction. Cytotoxic drugs are increasingly being utilized in a variety of health care settings, laboratories and veterinary clinics for the treatment of cancer and other medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis are autoimmune disorders. Cytotoxic drugs are toxic compounds and are kenned to have carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic potential. With direct contact they may cause vexation to the skin, ocular perceivers, and mucous membranes, and ulceration dictates that the exposure of health care personnel to these drugs should be minimized. Concurrently, the requisite for maintenance of aseptic conditions must withal be gratified. Keywords: Cytotoxic drugs, carcinogenic, mutagenic, ulceration, toxic compounds Cite this Article Kaur Harvinder. Chemotherapy: Side Effect and Management. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(3): 30–40p.
Adjuvant Treatment in Carcinoma of Endometrium: Where Do We Stand?
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Though there are a large number of completed prospective and retrospective studies, adjuvant treatment remains poorly defined, mainly due to the heterogeneity in selection criteria, different treatment approaches and low recurrence rates in good risk early stage disease. This article comprehensively covers the different risk stratification approaches and the current concepts and evidences in tailoring of adjuvant treatment in carcinoma of the endometrium. Keywords: Endometrial cancer, malignancy, endometrium treatment Cite this Article Kunheri B, Vijayakumar DK, Anand RK. Adjuvant Treatment in Carcinoma of Endometrium: Where Do We Stand? Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(3): 22–29p.
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Cervix: A Case Report and Review
related death in the developing country. Various histologic subtypes seen in cancer cervix, squamous cell carcinoma (70%) is the most common one. Second common variety observed is adenocarcinoma which account for about 25% of cases. Other histologic subtypes are rare. Small cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma (SCNCC) is one of such uncommon variant that comprises 1–3% of cervical tumors. It shows very aggressive behaviour. They usually present with similar symptoms as other subtypes but also exhibit characteristic of neuroendocrine tumour of other sites (early dissemination). The five year survival for patients with early stage Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (NEC) of the cervix ranges from 19–42%. Because of rarity of the disease, etiology and predisposing risk factors for the disease are rarely understood. And, despite of multimodal treatment approach disease has very poor prognosis. We present a case report of 37-year-old female presenting with neuroendocrine tumour of cervix post hysterectomy and post radiation for squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. She was given chemotherapy and patient was disease free at 1 year follow up post treatment. Despite early diagnosis, neuroendocrine tumour of cervix has poor prognosis. There is need of further research and standard guidelines for the management of the disease. Keywords: Neuroendocrine tumour, cervix, small cell cancer, prognosis, squamous cell carcinoma Cite this Article Rajnish Nagarkar, Sirshendu Roy, Tejashree Deshpande. Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Cervix: A Case Report and Review. Reseach & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2016; 5(2): 15–18p.
Research and Industrial Insight: Oncology & Hematology
Oncology is a division of medicine that agrees with the obviation, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A medical expert who performs and does observations in oncology arena is an oncologist. The three components which have amended survival in cancer are obviation, early diagnosis and treatment. Cancers are the preeminent managed through discussion on multi-disciplinary tumour boards where therapeutic oncologist, surgical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pathologist, radiologist and organ categorical oncologists meet to find the finest possible management for an individual patient considering the physical, gregarious, psychological, emotional and financial status of the patients. It is very consequential for oncologists to keep updated of the latest advancements in oncology, as transmutations in management of cancer are quite mundane. In all the patients suffering from cancer progresses and for whom no standard of care treatment options are available should be enrolled in a clinical tribulation. Risk factors in oncology sector involve tobacco, alcohol, inordinate corpulence and age. Screening is recommended for cancers of breast, cervix, colon and lungs.
Abstract Ovarian cancer commonly metastasises to lymph nodes, lung and liver. Primary ovarian carcinoma metastasising to breast is a very unusual and very few cases are described. Literature reports only 39 cases till date. Most common histological variety of Primary ovarian cancer metastasising to breast is papillary serous adenocarcinoma. Metastasis to breast suggests distant spread of the tumour and hence poor prognosis with median age of survival being 6 months from the date of diagnosis of breast metastasis. Although metastasis of ovarian carcinoma to breast is rare there should always be high index of suspicion during follow up of patient with ovarian cancer. Differentiation between primary and metastatic cancer of breast is important as treatment plan changes completely. We report a case of 60 year old female patient of papillary serous adenocarcinoma of ovary metastasising to breast. Patient developed breast metastasis after 1 year of completion of treatment for primary ovarian cancer. Her histopathology was suggestive of adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemistry positive for metastatic ovarian carcinoma. She was started on chemotherapeutic agents but died of disseminated disease within one year of initiation of treatment. Keywords: Carcinoma ovary, metastasis, breast, adenocarcinoma, prognosis Cite this Article Rajnish Nagarkar, Tejashree Deshpande, Shrikant Suryavanshi et al. Carcinoma Ovary Metastasis to Breast. Research & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2016; 5(2): 6–10p.
Metastasis of Lobular Breast Carcinoma to Cervix: A Case Report
In India breast cancer is a very common malignancy. About 1 in 22 Indian women will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. The incidence in US is 1 in 8 women. Increased incidence can be attributed to lifestyle. Among the two major subtypes of carcinoma breast lobular cancer is rare. Common sites of metastasis are lung, liver, bone, brain. Metastasis of lobular carcinoma to cervix is a very uncommon occurrence with a frequency of 0.8–1.7%. Common histological type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma and common sites of metastasis are lung, liver, bone and brain. Invasive ductal carcinoma does not as frequently metastasis to gynaecologic organs as invasive lobular carcinoma. In genital tract, ovary happens to be the most commonly affected organ by carcinoma breast metastasis. Metastasis to uterine cervix in a patient of breast carcinoma is a very rare occurrence. The most common type metastasising to cervix is lobular carcinoma. The most common presenting symptom is abnormal per vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain. These symptoms mimic a primary gynaecologic neoplasm. We herein report the first case in our set up of isolated uterine cervical metastasis in a postmenopausal patient who had invasive lobular carcinoma of breast and was on hormonal treatment. A case report of 47 year old patient 10 years post mastectomy presented with multiple bony, cervical metastases. Patient responded well to hormonal therapy i.e. everolimus plus exemestane. Patient is on regular follow up with complete tumour response. This case report insists on more thorough gynaecologic examination in a patient of carcinoma breast. Keywords: Lobular carcinoma, genital metastasis, cervix, Breast Carcinoma, adenocarcinoma Cite this Article Rajnish Nagarkar, Sirshendu Roy, Tejashree Deshpande et al. Metastasis of Lobular Breast Carcinoma to Cervix: A Case Report. Reseach & Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2016; 5(2): 11–14p.
Knowledge and Skill of Staff Nurses Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination
Breast cancer comprises about 25% of all female cancers. Its incidence is rising constantly, also among younger women. Every 15 min, three breast cancer cases are diagnosed and one woman dies of this disease. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women in the age group of 40–44 years and the incidence increases significantly after 50. This experimental pre-test post-test control group design aims to evaluate the effectiveness of information booklet regarding early detection of breast cancer and breast self-examination in terms of knowledge and skill of the staff nurses. Sixty staff nurses were randomly selected (30 in experimental group and 30 in control group). Structured knowledge questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge of the staff nurses and observation checklist was developed to assess the skill of the staff nurses on breast cancer and breast self-examination. Information booklet was developed to teach the staff nurses regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination. The reliability of the tools and feasibility of the study were verified through pilot study. The reliability of the questionnaire was established by K.R-20 formula and inter-observer method for practice respectively. The data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean post-test knowledge and skill score of staff nurses of experimental group was significantly higher than their mean pre-test knowledge and skill score (28.7 and 11.9) of staff nurses of experimental group was higher than mean pre-test knowledge and skills score (19.9 and 2.93). These scores were significantly (<0.03) higher than the mean score of staff nurses in control group. It is concluded that the information booklet was effective for enhancing the knowledge and skill of breast cancer and breast self-examination among staff nurses. Keywords: Effectiveness, information booklet, breast cancer, breast self-examination, knowledge, skills, staff nurses Cite this Article Harvinder Kaur, Kalapana Mandal. Knowledge and Skill of Staff Nurses Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology & Hematology. 2016; 5(2): 1–5p.
Tamoxifen: Role in Breast Cancer Treatment
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. In the last two decades, there have been various therapies proposed for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. One of them is targeted hormonal therapy (THT) for the estrogen and its receptor in breast cancer. The synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulator, tamoxifen is in the use for treating, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer from the last 30 years. US FDA approved tamoxifen as a drug in 1998. Tamoxifen reduces the incidence of breast cancer and thousand of lives been saved by preventing the risk of cancer in premenopausal women. Tamoxifen is beneficial as an adjuvant therapy. The major clinical problem arises due to the relapse in therapy and side effects associated with this drug. Various strategies, like the use of phytochemicals, biomarkers and inhibitors are in use to overcome these obstacles. They have a varying role in terms of estrogenic activity. The combinatorial approach of these results is a more effective treatment than a single drug system. The pharmacological designing of drug in response to the dose and effect: investigated in the clinical trials and observational studies is performed on the molecular basis. These findings suggest the use of low dose of tamoxifen at appropriate site along with the combinational strategy, as beneficial approach is in the treatment of breast cancer. This review focuses on selective estrogen receptor modulators, specially tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors given alone or in the combination for effective therapies in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients. Keywords: Tamoxifen, breast cancer, estrogen, estrogen receptor, selective estrogen receptor modulators, aromatase inhibitors Cite this Article Ali and Mondal. Tamoxifen: Role in Breast Cancer Treatment. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(1): 1–19p.
Explore the Level of Awareness, Perception and Utilization of Pressure Ulcer Prevention among Health Professionals, Ayder Referral Hospital, 2013
Pressure ulcer can have a major impact on both the individual and health care system and produce a significant burden on patients, relatives and caregivers like that of increased distress, increased pain, unable to return to normal life functions, reduced quality of life, increased risk of infections, increased mortality risk etc. The objective of the study was to determine the level awareness, perception and practice towards pressure ulcer prevention among nursing professionals of Ayder Referral Hospital. An institutional based cross-sectional quantitative study was employed to 340 nursing professionals of Ayder Referral Hospital. The study participants were selected by systematic sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was pre-tested and given to respondents. Data were entered and analyzed manually and then presented in tables. The study was conducted from April–June, 2013. Twenty nine (29) articles were included. The participants of the study were nurses with diploma, bachelors, and master’s degree. From these; over half of the respondents were females that accounts 57.4%, and 80.2% of the respondents were BSc degree holders, 17.2% were diploma the rest were masters. The training level has an influence over the knowledge index. Knowing immobility and loading pressure risk factors for pressure ulcer were (76.5%), the level of knowledge about Braden scale (36.4%) to assess pressure ulcer were very low, the significance of topical cream, positioning and the use of pillow under the leg or the ulcer area (74.1%) the patients were moderate. The knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention was found to be low. When it came to the attitude of pressure ulcer prevention, the study participants believed that all patients were at risk of pressure ulcer (78.4%), nursing could provide nursing care to prevent pressure ulcer (82.7%), and (87.6%) believed that practicing prevention of pressure ulcer was an indicator of quality of nursing care. In short the attitude of pressure ulcer prevention was high almost above (80%) and the practicing part of the nurses about prevention of pressure ulcer was moderate in Ayder Referral Hospital. Keywords: Pressure ulcer prevention, nurses’ knowledge, nurses’ attitude, nurses’ practice Cite this Article Gebre Yitayih Abyu, Panerio Wilbert G, Kibrom Birhane G/Slassie et al. Explore the Level of Awareness, Perception and Utilization of Pressure Ulcer Prevention among Health Professionals, Ayder Referral Hospital, 2013. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(1): 24–29p.
Industrial Insight: Oncology and Hematology
Oncology is a major branch of cancer medicine that deals with the obviation, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A medical professional who observes and rehearses the subject oncology is an oncologist. The forename's etymological inception is the Greek word ὄνκος (ónkos), betokening "tumor", "volume" or "mass". The three constituents which have ameliorated survival in cancer are the aversion, early-diagnosis and treatment. Aversion is by reduction of jeopardy factors like tobacco and alcohol consumption. Early diagnosis is the screening of prevalent cancers and comprehensive diagnosis and staging. Thirdly the treatment is the multimodality managing and organization by having a discussion in the tumour board and treatment in a wide-ranging cancer centre.
Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Female Health Care Professionals in Maichew Town Health Facilities, Tigray, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross Sectional Study
Breast cancer is among the major life-threatening public health concerns and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Breast self-exam (BSE) is commendation for all women starting in their 20s to know how their breasts normally look and feel like and to notice any changes occur. They should be told about its benefits and limitations too. It is an important procedure in the early detection of breast cancer. It is estimated that 90% of breast cancer cases could be diagnosed if women used BSE to assesses the practice of breast self-examination among female health care professionals in Maichew town health facilities. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from Feb 03-June 30/2014 G.C. Among 108 female healthcare professionals in Maichew town health facilities using self-administered questionnaire and data was analyzed using SPSS V.16 and results presented with simple descriptive tables and texts. Out of the total respondents, 44 (42.3%) practice BSE and only 25 (24%) practice breast self-examination on a monthly basis. And 58.7% of the participants are found to be aware of breast self-examination based on our descriptive analysis of our data. The findings of this study indicate that there is a poor practice of breast self-examination among Maichew town female health care professionals. Based on our study, we strongly recommend to the town health bureau together with the Ministry of Health, to provide guidelines and trainings on the self-examination. Keywords: Breast self-examination, female healthcare professionals, Maichew town, practice Cite this Article Mihretab Abedom, Fiseha Girma, Teklemariam G/her et al. Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Health Care Professionals in Maichew Town Health Facilities, Tigray, Ethiopia: Institution Based Cross Sectional Study. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(1): 30–37p.
Breast Cancer Awareness among Rural Women in South Indian City
Breast cancer is the most common leading cause of women deaths worldwide. It is the only knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination that can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of women suffering from it to assess the knowledge of women regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination. In a descriptive study of 100 women between age group 20–50 yrs, the data was collected by using structured interview schedule and analysed. The present study found that women had an inadequate knowledge regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination. The study concluded that there is a need to improve the knowledge of women regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination. Hence, self-instructional module was developed to create the awareness of breast cancer and practices of breast self -examination. Keywords: Breast cancer, rural women, awareness, breast self-examination Cite this Article Kaur C. and Dhaliwal A. Breast Cancer Awareness among Rural Women in South Indian City. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2016; 5(1): 20–23p.
Pattern of Care and Pattern of Survival Study in ca Cervix: Implications of a Published Study
This article is being written in the context of the recently published multi-institutional study of POSCC for patients of cervical cancer in India. This study involves both private and public funded institutions and has hospitals from most parts of the country. This study is of utmost relevance in current day India, since India alone accounts for one-fourth of the total burden of disease. Stage I cervical cancer has a fairly good five-year survival of around 80–95 % no matter the mode of treatment chosen. At the other end of the spectrum, 4b has very poor survival rates. The stages in between, II to IVA constitute the major bulk of cancer burden, and are most susceptible to change from treatment variation. As far as the practicing oncologist is concerned, it is knowledge of treatment effects in these patients that make significant difference in overall survival of cervical cancer patients. In this study, over the period of three years, 30% patients in the locally advanced group failed to receive optimal RT. However, no difference in FCS (five year cumulative survival) was observed based purely on optimal dosing of RT. Instead, the study made the observation that the addition of cisplatin to RT (irrespective of the dose of RT) in an optimal dosing (150–200 mg total) was a significant game changer for survival. These conclusions on CT and RT are of utmost significance in suburban and rural India, where patients have to travel long distances to receive RT doses and RT delivery systems are restricted. Keywords: Concurrent chemo-RT, Ca cervix in India, optimal RT Cite this Article Vijaykumar DK, Shruthi Shivdas. Pattern of care and pattern of survival study in ca cervix: implications of a published study. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2015; 4(3): 14–18p.
Management of Uterine Sarcomas - Current Concepts and Controversies
Uterine sarcomas are a group of relatively rare malignancies with heterologous clinical behavior. Because of its rarity, there is dearth of randomized trials and hence there are no standard recommendations as how to manage these cases. Carcinosarcomas are now a separate entity and is managed similar to high grade endometrial carcinoma, since the sarcomatous element is proven to be of endometrial origin. Now, the major variants are leomyosarcoma (LMS), endometrial stromalsarcoma (ESS) and high grade undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (HGUS). Recently, immunohistochemistry markers are introduced for proper typing of these tumors. Pre- operative diagnosis is seldom possible and surgery remains the cornerstone of its management. Local radiation is found to be beneficial in adjuvant setting with improved locoregional failure free survival (LRFFS) without a proven benefit in overall survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy also is yet to demonstrate overall survival benefit. Multi-institutional studies through international rare cancer initiative may generate ample evidence for standard treatment guidelines in these rare tumors and hence participation in clinical trials is highly recommended. Keywords: Uterine sarcomas, ESS, LMS, HGUS, adjuvant, radiation, chemotherapy Cite this Article Beena K, Anand RK. Management of Uterine Sarcomas-Current Concepts and Controversies. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2015; 4(3): 19–26p.
Knowledge and Understanding about Cervical Carcinoma, Risk Factors and Prevention among Rural Women in Pandiruppu, and Maruthamunai Area, Ampara District of Sri Lanka: A Survey
Cervical carcinoma has been regarded as the second most common form of cancer among women after breast and colorectal cancer. In Sri Lanka the second most common causes of deaths due to cancer among women is cervical carcinoma. According to the report of Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka in 2007, the estimated number of cervical carcinoma cases was 732. Awareness about cervical carcinoma and its prevention is quite less amongst Sri Lankan women. The deaths can be preventable due to cervical carcinoma by various strategies to women more than 30 years for screening and treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and understanding of carcinoma of cervix in elite of symptoms, risk factors and prevention of cervical carcinoma among women. It is a cross sectional interview – based door to door survey was conducted in May 2012 and October 2014 among 523 women in Pandiruppu, and Maruthamunai Area, Ampara District of Sri Lanka to find out their knowledge, understanding, risk factors and prevention in cervical carcinoma. Overall 33.1% of the subjects had heard and knowledge about cervical cancer and 15% had knowledge about Pap smear. The women aged group 12.5 had knowledge about cervical cancer and 8% had Pap test once in their life. The main source of knowledge received about cervical carcinoma was television. The knowledge and understanding about prevention of cervical carcinoma was 22.9%. This results indicates that some awareness proportion of women were unaware of knowledge, awareness, risk factors and prevention in cervical carcinoma. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Prevention, Risk factors, Knowledge, Awareness Cite this Article Farzana MUZN, Tharique IAl. Knowledge and understanding about cervical carcinoma, risk factors and prevention among rural women in Pandiruppu, and Maruthamunai area, Ampara district of Sri Lanka: a survey. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2015; 4(3): 1–4p.
Magnitude and Factors associated with Voluntary Blood Donation Practice among Adult Mekelle Population, North Ethiopia: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Globally, around 107 million blood donations are collected annually. However, only two million units are donated in sub-Saharan Africa where the need is enormous. Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the magnitude and factors affecting blood donation practice among adult Mekelle population. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Using multistage sampling technique and a pre-tested structured interview questionnaire, data were collected from 845 study participants. Collected data were entered into EPI-INFO version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Chi-square, binary, and multivariable logistic regression was done to see association and identify predictor variables of blood donation practice. All randomly selected study individuals were participated in the study. The mean age of respondent was 29.7±11.2 years. Only 107(12.7%) of the respondents have ever donated blood in life among this 73(68%) was voluntary blood donors. Respondents' age group between 31 and 40, with primary education were found 3.29 and 5.92 times more likely to donate blood than those younger in age and illiterates counter parts, respectively. As well, respondent who are knowledgeable were 3.34 times more likely to donate blood than nonknowledgeable. This study revealed that voluntary blood donation practice were found to be badly low but variables like age, educational status, and knowledge was found as predictors of voluntary blood donation. Keywords: Blood donation, Factors affecting blood donation, Knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation, Mekelle, Ethiopia Cite this Article Lalit Ingale, Shishay Gessesse, Gebremeskel Miruts. Magnitude and factors associated with voluntary blood donation practice among adult Mekelle population, north Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology. 2015; 4(3): 5–13p.